What is globalization? FAN JINGYU

 1. Definition


Globalization generally refers to the process of increasing communication and interaction among countries, enterprises, cultures, and people on a global scale, and deepening interdependence.  


It is not limited to the economy, but also includes multiple levels such as culture, technology, politics, and society, such as the cross-border circulation of goods, services, ideas, and technology.  


From a more macro perspective, globalization also means that the importance of geographical distance has weakened in some aspects, and people, organizations, and institutions around the world are interacting more closely.  


2、 Driving factors


The main factors driving globalization include:


Scientific and technological progress (transportation, communication, Internet, etc.) has made "far" become "near".  


The rise of trade liberalization, capital flows, multinational corporations, and international organizations.  


The connection between culture and society is strengthened - tourism, immigration, information dissemination, and globalization of cultural products.  


3、 Form of expression


Globalization has many concrete manifestations in real life, such as:


At the economic level, enterprises distribute production, sales, procurement, and services across multiple countries; Cross border flow of capital and commodities.  


Cultural aspect: Different countries/regions share music, movies, fashion, and values, and their cultures influence each other.  

The Chinese University of Hong Kong


Technology and information: the Internet, social media and global communication make the information of "global events"/"distant" arrive quickly.


At the political and institutional level, international organizations, cross-border agreements, and global governance mechanisms are becoming increasingly important.  


4、 Advantages and Challenges


Advantages:


It helps to allocate resources more efficiently, spread technology faster, and expand the market, bringing economic growth and prosperity to many countries and regions.  


Promote cultural exchange and understanding, and enhance international cooperation.


Challenge:


Globalization may exacerbate the wealth gap between different countries/regions.  


Cultural conflict or cultural homogenization risk - local characteristics may be diluted.  


National sovereignty, social system, and environmental protection are facing new pressures.  


5、 Brief Summary


Overall, globalization is a process of "bringing the world closer together": people, goods, capital, information, and culture flow across borders, and the boundaries between countries and places, organizations and individuals become blurred in some aspects. This has had a profound impact on the economy, culture, and politics of modern society.

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