What is globalization?- WANGRUITONG

 Globalization, as discussed by Roland Robertson and Kathleen E. White, is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various dimensions, including economic, political, cultural, and social factors. It is characterized by increasing connectivity and the development of global consciousness, yet it remains an essentially contested concept with no universally accepted definition.

The authors note that globalization has been examined from various disciplinary perspectives, leading to a transdisciplinary approach. They highlight that the term gained prominence in academic and political discourse after the late 1980s, particularly following the fall of the Berlin Wall. This period marked a shift towards recognizing the complexities of globalization, including its economic and cultural dimensions.
Robertson and White emphasize the importance of understanding globalization as a process that affects societies differently across the globe, particularly in developed versus developing contexts. They reference Velho's framework, which describes globalization as an object, a perspective, and a horizon, pointing to the varied interpretations of the phenomenon.
Additionally, they discuss the rise of movements like the antiglobalization movement, which critiques economic globalization while acknowledging the interconnectedness fostered by these movements. The authors argue that a comprehensive analysis of globalization must consider the interplay of different dimensions—economic, cultural, social, and political—while also recognizing the environmental concerns that arise from human interactions with the planet.
In summary, globalization is a complex, dynamic process with varied implications and interpretations, reflecting both global interconnectedness and the diverse experiences of individuals and societies.

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