Reading 3: “What is the relation between politics and globalization?” WANGYIZHE

 Relationship between politics and globalization

1. Definition and Core Characteristics of Political Globalization

Political globalization refers to the process in which political structures, institutions, values and behaviors of countries gradually become interconnected and interact with each other. This process is not only reflected in the relative weakening of national sovereignty, but also in the formation of new political forms between countries through multilateral cooperation, international organizations and transnational networks 2. How Globalization Affects State Sovereignty and Political Power

Transformation and distribution of national sovereignty:

In the context of globalization, traditional state-centered sovereignty is challenged, and many countries need to share governance rights with non-governmental organizations and international organizations. For example, EU countries cooperate within a multilateral framework to transfer part of their sovereignty to transnational institutions to deal with cross-border financial and environmental issues.

The formation of multi-center networks:

In addition to countries, global political power is being decentralized at multiple levels, such as international NGOs, grassroots movements, and global civil society. These networks span geographical boundaries and are not controlled by a single country or region, driving a new model of global governance 

3. Democracy and the Expansion of a Global Normative Culture

Global spread of democracy:

Globalization had promoted the spread of democratic values, and more and more countries had adopted parliamentary democracy. However, this popularity has also led to cultural conflicts, with some countries arguing that Western democracies do not apply to their own historical and cultural backgrounds.

The formation of a global normative culture:

Global issues such as human rights and environmental protection have formed universally recognized values and codes of conduct on a global scale. These norms, through cross-border communication and media dissemination, have far-reaching implications for internal national politics. For example, human rights organizations can directly influence a country's policies and even challenge the legitimacy of governments.

4. Global Governance and the Rise of Civil Society

 Role of global civil society:

Global civil society is made up of transnational non-governmental organizations, social networks, and social movements that contribute to the development of global governance structures. These organizations not only play an active role in issues such as environmental protection and gender equality, but also challenge the dominance of global capitalism.

Diversification of governance models:

Beyond traditional state-led international relations, global governance presents a multilevel, multicenter character. For example, the rise of global civil society has led to a shift in governance from a national level to a local and transnational level, and to the promotion of diverse issues through networks and alliances in 

5. Contradictions and Challenges of Political Globalization

Autonomous and fragmented tension:

Globalization can increase national and social autonomy (through cross-border cooperation), or it can lead to the decentralization of political power and increase the risk of fragmentation of societies.

Conflicts between national and global norms:

As global norms continue to expand, States sometimes face contradictions between sovereignty and international obligations. In the case of migration, for example, the conflict between State border controls and humanitarian values is particularly evident.

6. Conclusions

Political globalization presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Through cross-border cooperation and global governance, countries can respond more effectively to global issues. However, political globalization has also led to a redefinition of national sovereignty, triggering new conflicts and power competition. Therefore, future global governance needs to strike a balance between diversity and consensus, and promote the common development of national and global networks in .

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