JIHAIYUN -- Reading 2: What is the relation between culture and globalization？

 1. Summary: 
Cultural Globalization by John Tomlinson mainly discusses the complex relationship between culture and globalization, and points out that culture is not only affected by globalization, but also an important driving force in the process of globalization. Globalization is often thought of as the accelerated flow of capital, goods, information, and ideas around the world, a process that has not only changed the global economy and technology, but also had a profound impact on culture. However, globalization is not just a one-way export of Western culture to the world, but more like a two-way, multi-level interactive process.
In my understanding, the relationship between culture and globalization can be seen as a process of constant change and development. Globalization not only provides new channels for culture, but also provides new channels for culture to spread.
In the context of globalization, culture is no longer just attached to a specific region or tradition, but gradually becomes "de-territorialized". This de-territorialization means that culture can break through the original geographical restrictions and spread globally through modern communication technologies. This kind of cultural flow not only promotes the spread of culture, but also strengthens the exchange and interaction of culture. However, this hyper-connectivity of globalization does not mean that all cultures will become the same. Tomlinson points out that globalization has not led to cultural uniformity, but to new cultural diversity. Under the background of globalization, culture is often not simply passively accepted, but forms a new cultural mix through continuous adaptation and reconstruction.
The relationship between culture and globalization is two-way: globalization changes culture through technology, economy, media and other means, but culture also shapes the process of globalization in turn. For example, through the global market, some Western consumer goods and popular culture, such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's and Hollywood movies, are widely spread around the world. However, local culture has not died. Instead, many regions have reshaped their cultural identities by incorporating elements of globalization. For example, globalization has brought about fast food cultures such as McDonald's, but many countries have also incorporated local characteristics into these foreign brands, forming a unique cultural mix. This shows that culture is not only a receptor of globalization, but also a participant and constructor of globalization.
This process of cultural re-creation is particularly evident in the multiple dimensions of globalization. Tomlinson noted that globalization is not a single economic phenomenon, it involves cultural, social, political and other fields. Therefore, cultural globalization is not only the unilateral influence of Western culture on the world, but also the mutual exchange, absorption and re-creation of various cultures. Through their own understanding and adaptation, people everywhere have reshaped the forms of cultural expression in the context of globalization.
From Tomlinson's point of view, globalization promotes cultural interaction and dialogue. In the process, although sometimes faced with the fear of cultural homogenization, many cultures have also been given new vitality under the influence of globalization. Culture is no longer a closed system, but is connected to other cultures through a global network. This connection allows people to better understand other cultures in the context of globalization, as well as to re-examine their own cultural identity.

2. Interesting point: 
An interesting point is deterritorialization, where culture is no longer just attached to geographical regions, but is transmitted through global networks. This kind of cultural mobility breaks the stereotype of "culture = region" in the past. In addition, Tomlinson pointed out that consumption behavior contains cultural expression and self-expression, which made me realize that daily consumption choices are actually an important part of global cultural connections

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