GUO YING-Reading 3: “What is the relation between politics and globalization?”

 1. Summary                                                                     Through reading this article, I have learned that the process of globalization has gradually weakened traditional national sovereignty and made countries increasingly rely on international cooperation and supranational institutions to deal with global problems. At the same time, the rise of global governance institutions has allowed these institutions to play a key role in setting global rules and addressing transnational challenges, limiting national autonomy in decision-making. In addition, global civil society and transnational ngos are playing an increasingly important role in promoting issues such as human rights and environmental protection. However, the global risks brought about by globalization also increase the need for cooperation among countries and promote the deepening of global political cooperation. Nevertheless, political globalization is not without its contradictions. On the one hand, it promotes cooperation among countries, on the other hand, it also causes conflicts and challenges between the weakening of national sovereignty and global governance.

2. What is the relation between politics and globalization?

1）. National sovereignty and global governance         Globalization poses a challenge to traditional national sovereignty. With the development of globalization, economic, cultural and environmental problems among countries are increasingly intertwined, and a single country cannot solve these transnational problems independently. In the article, the authors point out that national sovereignty has weakened in the process of globalization, because many global problems need to be solved through international cooperation and multilateral mechanisms. This model of global governance embodies political globalization, in which power and governance structures among states have come to rely on the coordination and cooperation of supranational institutions.

 2）. Supranational institutions and global governance

Globalization has led to the creation of multiple supranational institutions that play a governance role on a global scale. For example, the World Trade Organization (WTO) coordinates global economic and trade policies, the International Criminal Court (ICC) deals with global crime, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have an important influence in global economic governance. These supranational institutions limit the sovereignty of states and promote the integration of global politics through the formulation and enforcement of global rules.

 3）. Global civil society and transnational ngos

In the context of political globalization, the rise of global civil society has become an important force to promote global change. Transnational ngos, international social movements and global human rights organizations are playing an increasingly important role on a global scale, especially in promoting global issues such as human rights, environmental protection and labor rights. Through transnational action and advocacy, these organizations have created new constraints and influence on national policies. The rise of global civil society has not only increased the depth of political globalization, but also changed the political power structures within and outside countries.

4）. Globalization and democratization are closely related. Globalization has provided an important platform for the dissemination of democratic ideas, especially under the impetus of economic globalization and technological dissemination, democratic ideas have spread widely around the world. However, this process of global democratization is not without challenges. In the process of globalization, some countries face problems such as rising economic inequality, social unrest and cultural conflicts, which may affect the stability of democratic institutions. In addition, the increasing influence of global capital and multinational corporations may also threaten the democratic autonomy of states.

5）Globalization has brought new global risks and security challenges, such as international terrorism, cyber security threats, and the global spread of infectious diseases. These problems cannot be addressed through individual national policies, but must rely on global cooperation and transnational mechanisms. Therefore, the need for global security governance has promoted the development of political globalization, and countries have responded to these new security threats through international agreements and transnational cooperation.

In short, I have learned that the relationship between politics and globalization is a two-way interactive process. Globalization has promoted political cooperation, global governance, and the rise of transnational non-governmental organizations, but it has also brought about the erosion of national sovereignty and new political conflicts. Driven by globalization, politics is no longer confined within countries, but increasingly relies on cooperation and coordination through global networks and supranational mechanisms.