What is globalization?

 Globalization is an inevitable historical process that brings about fundamental changes in the organization of human society. It is the natural outcome of the economic, political, and social development of various nations. At the same time, globalization propels these developments forward, making it essential for everyone to thoughtfully consider how to understand and respond to it.


According to the Wikipedia article *First Globalization* (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_globalization), the first wave of globalization emerged during a major phase of global trade and financial integration from 1870 to 1914. The second wave took place between 1944 and 1971, and the third wave began in 1999, continuing to the present day.


Economic globalization is the most fundamental and significant aspect of this process. It refers to the integration of the global economy, fostering economic interdependence among nations. This phenomenon accelerates technological and economic progress, promotes free trade and competition, and thus drives global economic growth. Specifically, globalization expands markets for goods and services, facilitates cross-border trade, and encourages investment liberalization, creating broader opportunities for economic development. The progress of globalization has resulted in rapid trade growth. Data shows that after countries joined the World Trade Organization, trade between members grew by an average of 140%, and economic growth rates increased by an average of 1.5 percentage points. This demonstrates that globalization, by lowering trade barriers, promotes the spread of technology and fosters innovation.


The political dimension of globalization involves global governance and competition among international institutions. As globalization deepens, the international community faces a range of global challenges, such as the spread of regional financial crises, trade disputes, and immigration issues. In response, there has been a growing emphasis on multilateralism and addressing these issues through international institutions.


From a social perspective, globalization has led to increased interdependence among nations, giving rise to a global symbiotic system. Economic globalization intertwines the interests of countries, creating what is often referred to as a "global village." Public health crises, such as the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, have further intensified these interdependencies.


In approaching globalization, I believe we should adopt a balanced perspective. While recognizing the opportunities and benefits it offers, we must also acknowledge the challenges it presents and take appropriate measures to address them.

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