What is Globalization? -Dabin Kim

Globalization refers to the process by which countries around the world are economically, politically, socially, and culturally interconnected. As time and space constraints are reduced due to the development of technology and communication, interactions between countries become closer and the world works like a "one global village."

Roland Robertson defined globalization as a "spread of global consciousness," while Anthony Giddens described globalization as a "compression of time and space," stressing that local events have an immediate impact on the world.

There are economic globalization, cultural globalization, and political globalization. Economic globalization is a phenomenon in which economies are connected to each other through the free exchange of goods, services, and capital between countries. For example, the spread of multinational corporations and the increase in international trade are prime examples of economic globalization. Multinational corporations such as Apple, Google, and Samsung sell and produce products worldwide, and have economic effects on many countries.

Cultural globalization refers to the transmission and exchange of cultural ideas, values, and practices across the globe, resulting in increased interconnectedness and interaction between different cultures. Popular culture, such as Hollywood movies and K-pop, spreads all over the world as a representative example of cultural globalization. Also, it includes a phenomenon called "glocalization," in which local cultures are reorganized into new forms under global influence. The worldwide spread of fast-food chains such as McDonald's and Starbucks is an example of cultural globalization.

Political globalization refers to the strengthening of political cooperation and institutional integration among countries. An example is the cooperation of countries to solve common problems through international organizations, such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Also an example of political globalization is the cooperation of countries on issues such as global warming through international agreements, such as the Paris Climate Agreement.

Among these three types of globalization, I think cultural globalization is especially important these days. As mentioned earlier, sociologist Roland Robertson defined globalization as the "spreading of global consciousness" and analyzed the phenomenon of interaction between local and global cultures. Culture is a result of reflecting each country's unique traditional and environmental characteristics, so in the past, only members of that country enjoyed the culture, but today, cultural globalization has gradually blurred the boundaries between cultures and made it easier to enjoy the cultures of other countries.

As such, globalization increases interconnectedness between countries at various levels, and influences them in unique ways in different domains.


The question that I want to discuss with students through this blog is:

As a disadvantage of cultural globalization, the boundaries of culture are blurred, and the traditional culture of each country is gradually extinguished. Then, what can be done to not lose traditional culture in globalization? How can traditional culture be reinterpreted in globalization?

https://prezi.com/p/cqaituvpd0ho/glob1-globalization/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087824

https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-022-00881-x

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